GnuCash XML format
This article collects some notes about the XML file format of GnuCash. So far it is just descriptive, and neither normative nor authoritative.
Beginning with version 1.6, the primary GnuCash storage mechanism is an XML file. The file is optionally compressed with gzip (“Edit” menu → “Preferences” → “General” → “Use file compression”).
There is a non-normative RELAX NG schema for the 1.8/2.0 XML file format (src/doc/xml/gnucash-v2.rnc). There were also DTD schema definitions, but these are outdated and do not define the current format correctly (src/doc/xml (1.8)).
Please keep in mind that GnuCash series 1.8.x uses the libxml1 library for XML access, whereas 1.9.0 and later uses the libxml2 library. Some behaviour regarding XML files is therefore quite different in 1.8.x compared to 1.9.x/2.0.0.
XML files written by all GnuCash 1.8.x versions are missing XML namespace declarations that are required by most XML processing software (see also FAQ#Q: How can I export data?). See GnuCash Tutorial and Concepts Guide, Appendix A, part 5: Converting XML GnuCash File for the missing declarations. From version 1.8.5 onwards GnuCash is able to read XML files containing these declarations (1.8.5 release notes). From 1.9.0 onwards GnuCash will write the required namespace declarations as well.
Many elements in the XML file are identified by GUID. GnuCash includes its own GUID implementation (guid.h, guid.c (1.8); guid.h, guid.c (2.2)).
Character encoding
GnuCash 1.8.x interprets XML documents using a character encoding determined by operating-system–level locale settings, and so does not include an encoding declaration in the opening XML text declaration. (The locale setting here constitues a “higher-level protocol” in W3C vernacular [1].) GnuCash serializes non-ASCII octets (i.e. those with the high-order bit set) as decimal numeric character references. (E.g., an em-dash is represented as “—”.)
On the other hand, GnuCash 1.9.0 and later writes the XML document always in UTF-8 encoding and also includes the appropriate encoding declaration in the opening XML text declaration. (I think the serialization is still done as decimal numeric character references but this has to be checked.)
For example, in 1.8.x the UTF-8 encoding of the Cyrillic capital letter “Б” is written as “Б”. As the following Python script shows, the UTF-8 text should be transcoded to recover the original Unicode text. (This script uses the 4Suite XML library.)
#! /usr/bin/python2.4
from Ft.Xml.Domlette import NonvalidatingReader
from Ft.Xml.XPath import Evaluate
from Ft.Xml.XPath.Context import Context
# precondition: foo.xac was created by GnuCash with LANG=en_US.UTF-8
doc = NonvalidatingReader.parseUri('file:///tmp/foo.xac')
context = Context(doc, processorNss={'cd' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cd",
'book' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/book",
'gnc' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/gnc",
'cmdty' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cmdty",
'trn' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/trn",
'split' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/split",
'act' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/act",
'price' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/price",
'ts' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/ts",
'slot' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/kvpslot",
'cust' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/cust",
'addr' : "http://www.gnucash.org/XML/custaddr"})
accountName = Evaluate('/gnc-v2/gnc:book/gnc:account[act:id="0d69c3557f4d9340198bfd151f9e13cb"]/act:name/text()',
context=context)[0]
# object of type "str" (is actually UTF-8–encoded, not latin1!):
name_raw = accountName.data.encode('latin1')
# object of type "unicode":
name_unicode = name_raw.decode('utf-8')
# objects of type "str":
name_koi8r = name_unicode.encode('koi8-r')
name_utf8 = name_unicode.encode('utf-8')
name_utf16 = name_unicode.encode('utf-16')
assert name_utf8 == accountName.data.encode('latin1')
Validation
The RELAX NG schema file mentioned above can be used to validate your GnuCash file. What you need to do so:
- your GnuCash data file in uncompressed format
- a validator. Jing will be used in this example.
As stated above, the GnuCash data file can be gzip compressed. Jing will not work on such a file. So you first have to get your data file in an uncompressed state. The easiest way to do this is to load (a copy of) your data file in GnuCash, edit the preference to 'not use gzip compression and save your file. (Remember to reset the preference afterwards).
Then download jing and run the following command
jing -c path-to-gnucash-v2.rnc path-to-your-datafile.gnucash
jing will report any validation errors it finds in a clear manner.
- Note
- The validation should not be considered authoritative as the schema is not updated and tested very often. So validation errors can just as easily be due to errors in the schema than due to errors in the data file.
Based on information provided by Baptiste Carvello in bug 680887.
See also
External links
- http://qof.sourceforge.net/ - QOF is the object persistence layer used by GnuCash
- User:Jsled That's slightly misleading in the context of this page; for instance, when writing out the data to the current XML format, QOF isn't used at all.
- http://gnucashtoqif.sourceforge.net/ - GnuCash XML → QIF conversion tool
- GnuCash export to Gnumeric and CSV, using XSLT
- Relevant mailing list threads
- non-closed, non-resolved GnuCash bug reports pertaining to the XML backend
