Difference between revisions of "AqBanking"

Revision as of 21:39, 26 July 2022

Online Banking is in GnuCash realized by the package AqBanking— Aquamaniac's Banking by Martin Preuß. It contains several tools, a library and a few separate helper libraries.

At aquamaniac.de (machine translation) are availabe:

• the most recent versions inclusive manual,
• the most recent infos, user tips … in the AqBanking Wiki,
• the Mailinglist aqbanking-user, and finally
• to report problems a bugtracker—but before you should have read AqBanking: Fehler oder Probleme melden!

Note

In times of heavy spam registration is disabled. Then ask on its mailing list.

Coverage

Currently offered methods:

• bidirectional, sending of orders possible:
  • the german Financial Transaction Services (FinTS) standard with
    • classical home banking common interface (HBCI) by asymetric key encryption or
    • modern PIN/TAN (2 step authentication) methods;
  • Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard EBICS, availabe for business clients in AT, CH, DE and FR,

  but because neither AqBanking nor GnuCash devs have access to an test server, upload is currently not implemented. The GnuCash team is also searching for users, who volunteer to test on implementing the download.

• unidirctional, query only:
  • OFX Direct Connect, used mainly in the US, and
  • since AqBanking 5.7.8.0stable Paypal.

The recent stable GnuCash 5.9 bundles contain Aqbanking 6.5.4, the nightly test versions 6.5.12beta.

Source

[1]

Compatibility

GnuCash compiles with many available versions of AqBanking and it's helper library Gwenhywfar, except for combinations of new gnucash with old aqbanking and vice versa.

Determinating the Versions

$ gnucash --version
GnuCash 3.8 development version
Build ID: git 3.8b-163-g0e6c9e219+(2020-02-19)
$ aqbanking-cli versions
Versions:
 AqBanking-CLI: 6.0.1
 Gwenhywfar   : 5.1.2.0
 AqBanking    : 6.0.1.0

$ flatpak run --command=sh org.gnucash.GnuCash
[📦 org.gnucash.GnuCash ~]$ gnucash --version
GnuCash 3.8 development version
Build ID: git e6b3c56+(2020-01-26)
[📦 org.gnucash.GnuCash ~]$ aqbanking-cli versions
Versions:
 AqBanking-CLI: 6.0.2
 Gwenhywfar   : 5.1.3.0
 AqBanking    : 6.0.2.0
[📦 org.gnucash.GnuCash ~]$ exit
exits

In this example you can see, that the user had built a more recent version of GnuCash, but the nightly Flatpak had a more recent AqBanking than her distribution.

FinTS

This is only an overview mainly for developers. Detailed user instructions are in German: De/Online-Banking

HBCI/FinTS Security Type

AqBanking for FinTS/HBCI needs the definition of a "security medium". Depending on the FinTS/HBCI version, there is a range of choices for this:

Single step authentication

HBCI 1

self-generated asymetric keypair with

• public part given to the bank
• private part stored on your harddisk, USB stick or floppy disk

supported on all OS, but many banks dropped single step authentication.

Two step authentication

• You have always to log in your session with your fixed Personal Identification number (PIN).
• Then each transaction needs authentication with an own Transaction Authentification Number (TAN).

To avoid Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks the TANs are ideally transmitted to you over a different medium.

The way the TAN is generated varies by method:

HBCI 2, FinTS 3

PIN/TAN comes in several flavours:

PIN/TAN (classic)

no longer supported by the banks! from a simple paper list: you can enter any unused TAN: supported on all OS

iTAN

no longer supported by the banks! from an indexed paper list: the bank challenges TAN[i]: supported on all OS

mTAN

TAN per SMS on your mobile: supported on all OS

chipTAN

The TAN is generated by a chip, which is today integrated in the bank card. You need a card reader to communicate with the chip. Some readers are stand alone devices, but others are connected with your computer. To access the connected readers the library libchipcard from the AqBanking family is required.

Warning!

Man-in-the-Middle Attacks against the chipTAN comfort Online Banking System

manual

several optical methods

Since version 4.3 GC supported the flickering image. GC does not generate the flickering image, but you can manually enter the displayed number in your TAN generator. Bug 667490 - Support image-based TAN methods QR, photoTAN, and chipTAN optical "Flicker code"

Flicker code

The number is transferred in nibbles plus parity bit by an animated gif.

QR code

can be decoded by smartphones.

Photo TAN

The TAN is sent as a photo.

Tip

There is a more precise description: Aqbanking Wiki: Implement Tan Methods

Note

For this standard methods some banks use own names created by their marketing department like sm@rtTAN.

.

FinTS Test Server

There are no currently documented instructions. There is no known test account with a testing bank server. To our knowledge anyone who wants to test this needs an account at a German bank. Sorry for that.

Debugging

If there are any problems during the HBCI or OFX connection, here are further options for debugging:

1. In Gnucash in Edit->Preferences->Online Banking:
   1. Disable Close log window when finished^[1] ,
   2. enable Verbose debug messages. Since Gnucash 2.3.x this is related to AQBANKING_LOGLEVEL.
2. To see much more log messages of aqbanking, you can set several environment variables either before starting gnucash or in the shell script gnucash or gnucash.bat. For example, in a Unix shell you would type

   # General:
   export GWEN_LOGLEVEL=info # usually only developers need this sometimes.
   export AQBANKING_LOGLEVEL=info
   # For OFX:
   export AQOFX_LOG_COMM=1 # Warning: Will reveal passwords!
   export AQOFXCONNECT_LOGLEVEL=info
   # For FinTS/HBCI:
   export AQHBCI_LOGLEVEL=info # Warning: Will reveal passwords!
   

   For AQOFX_LOG_COMM see Setting_up_OFXDirectConnect#Enabling_the_OFX_Log,

other possible values to all other of these variables are

• debug (more verbose) or
• warn (less verbose) or
• error (even less verbose, default value).

However, the Gwenhywfar log messages are all sent to stdout or stderr, which on Windows by default isn't available. To make these available on Windows, you need to change the exetype of gnucash-bin.exe from "Windows" to "Console", see Windows Debugging#Changing the Exetype to See Console Output.

AQBanking log messages are intercepted by a GnuCash callback and added to the Trace_file. N.B.: That callback does a second filter on log level so it's necessary to set the AQBanking log level in GnuCash as well as setting the AQBANKING_LOGLEVEL by passing the argument --log aqbanking=xxx to GnuCash, e.g.

AQBANKING_LOGLEVEL=info gnucash --log aqbanking=info

or adjust your logging configuration.

• Keep in mind that there are many many many different bank servers on this world, and every one of them might behave slightly differently. Hence, if you report a bug, please also state which bank server you are using (IP address and bank name).
• If there is a crash, it would be good to provide a stack trace of the crash, see Stack Trace.

Log Location

As for aqbanking up to version 5.x.x: AqBanking stores log files for HBCI under Linux in

~/.aqbanking/backends/aqhbci/data/banks/<country code>/<Bank ID>/logs/*, with

.aqbanking a hidden directory in the user's home directory,

<country code> your ISO country code such as "de",

<Bank ID> the name or the routing number of your bank (in German: BLZ).

To enable logging of the OFX communication to /tmp/ofx.log (with warnings about revealing passwords), see Setting up OFXDirectConnect in GnuCash 2#Enabling the OFX Log.

Anonymization of log files

Before you show your log files to anybody, you should replace passworda, PINs, TANs and other secrets by Xes. Before publishing them e.g. sending to a mailing list, replace also your account number. In theory this can also be done with

aqhbci-tool4 logfile -i $INPUTLOGFILE -o $OUTPUTLOGFILE

But verify that the program did not miss some.

Config Location

Most parts are stored by the setup assistent below

Posix

$HOME/.aqbanking/

Flatpak

~/.var/app/org.gnucash.Gnucash/aqbanking.

Gnucash stores only an association in the account's slots in the data file.

    <slot>
      <slot:key>hbci</slot:key>
      <slot:value type="frame">
         <slot>
           <slot:key>account-id</slot:key>
           <slot:value type="string">1234567890</slot:value>
         </slot>
         <slot>
           <slot:key>account-uid</slot:key>
           <slot:value type="integer">9</slot:value>
         </slot>
        <slot>
          <slot:key>bank-code</slot:key>
          <slot:value type="string">121107882</slot:value>
        </slot>
        <slot>
          <slot:key>trans-retrieval</slot:key>
          <slot:value type="timespec">
            <ts:date>2017-08-27 09:33:08 -0700</ts:date>
          </slot:value>
        </slot>
      </slot:value>
    </slot>

account-id

The account number.

account-uid

AQBanking's internal id for the account.

bank-code

The national bank id: In the US it's the Routing ID.

trans-retrieval

Timestamp for the last time a retrieval attempt was made for this account.

GnuCash, Aqbanking or Other Error

• If you can execute an operation successful with the aqbanking command line tools, but not with gnucash, it is obvisious a GnuCash issue.
• Else the issue might be in

1. your settings,
2. the bank's configuration,
3. AqBanking.

$ aq[TAB][TAB]
aqbanking-cli     aqbanking-config  aqebics-tool      aqhbci-tool4      aqpaypal-tool     
$ aqbanking-cli --help
This is version 6.2.1
Usage: aqbanking-cli [GLOBAL OPTIONS] COMMAND [LOCAL OPTIONS]

Global Options:
:

aqbanking-cli serves for executing online actions after configuration.

aqbanking-config covers the general part of the configuration, while the others configure the backend specific parts.

References

• AqBanking:
  • Homepage mostly in german, includes a
    • wiki,
    • mailing list and
    • bug tracker.
  • @ Sourceforge outdated
• EBICS: Technical Information
• The former Home Banking Common Interface (HBCI) got complemented by PIN/TAN and is now called FinTS - Financial Transaction Services:
  • FinTS - Financial Transaction Services (former HBCI) specifications, including error codes ... in German.
  • Search FinTS capable institutes and their specific settings is no longer public available.

Tip

use https://translate.google.com to get a usable translation of the pages.

Git Repositories

AqBanking Git repositories of source code can be found here (mirrored at ):

git clone https://git.aquamaniac.de/git/aqbanking   # the library
git clone https://git.aquamaniac.de/git/gwenhywfar  # its OS abstraction layer as dependency
git clone https://git.aquamaniac.de/git/libchipcard # optional for the use of chipcard readers

There are also gitweb browser interfaces at

http://git.aqbanking.de/gitweb/?p=gwenhywfar.git ,

http://git.aqbanking.de/gitweb/?p=aqbanking.git .

Unofficial GitHub Mirrors

Some community members set up (unofficial) github mirrors:

Christian Stimmig

https://github.com/cstim/aqbanking

https://github.com/cstim/gwenhywfar

There is also a continuous integration build test of gwenhywfar here: https://travis-ci.org/cstim/gwenhywfar

Felix Schwarz, Lukas Matt

https://github.com/aqbanking/gwenhywfar

https://github.com/aqbanking/aqbanking

https://github.com/aqbanking/libchipcard

A bot script updates the "github.com/aqbanking" mirror on a daily basis so it should always be up-to-date.

Currently Unsupported Open Standards

Note

The methods supported by AqBanking create a direct connection between you, the customer, and your bank. In contrast the 'Access to Account (XS2A) Open Banking Framework' serves to allow a FinTech in your name a connection to your bank. Some consider that as dangerous.

While many banks still think Security by obscurity is a good concept, in some countries they are changing their opinion:

AU

https://www.finder.com.au/open-banking

GB (UK)

https://www.openbanking.org.uk/